Risk Factors for Multi Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) Among Tuberculosis Patients in Saint Peter TB Specialized Hospital

Bushra, Abdulhaliok W.

Abstract

Background: MDR-TB is defined as infection with strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis that are resistant to at least two drugs of the most powerful first line treatment (rifampcin and Isoniazid). MDR-TB did not receive major attention until recently in sub–Saharan Africa where the TB incidence and risk factors are highest. The level of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB in Ethiopia among new TB cases is estimated at 2 percent and 12% in previously treated cases. Factors leading to development of drug resistance need to be understood to develop appropriate control strategies for national programs.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors for developing multi drug resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients in Saint Peter TB specialized hospital.

Methods and Materials: A facility based case-control study was employed on 90 cases and 90 controls from March 1^st to April 20^th, 2011. Socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical risk factors were assessed using a structured questionnaire and clinical record reviewing. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS windows version 16. Descriptive statistics was performed to get summary values. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to see the association between independent and dependent variables. Those significant variables in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariable logistic regression.

Result: A total of 90 cases and 90 controls were included in the study. Age of respondents (AOR=7; 95%CI: 2.6-24.5), living in a household with only one room (AOR=5; 95%CI: 1.68-15.38), history of previous TB treatment (AOR=72; 95%CI: 17.8-288) and being infected with HIV (AOR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.02-9.4) were found to be independent predictors of MDR-TB.

Conclusion: The masures in controling MDR-TB should emphasize on young age group ,people with history of previous treatment for TB, people living in crowded places and HIV infected individuals.

Keywords: MDR-TB, Risk factors, case-control study, Ethiopia