Pesticides use in salt range wetland complex, Pakistan

Introduction & Background
Exposure to pesticides is a major occupational hazard in developing countries, where pesticides include banned items that have serious influences on environmental health, biodiversity, and exposed human societies.The study population uses a wide range of pesticides for off-season vegetables

Methods and Materials

The study was conducted to look into the local farmers’ knowledge and practices with regards to pesticide use catchments areas of Khabbeki and Ucchali Lakes. 32 farmers were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. Interviews with representatives of government dept.and local NGOs were conducted. Samples from 12 wells were collected and tested for nitrates and phosphates.  
Results
There is an excessive use of pesticides on off-season cash crops specially Cauliflower.  78% of the farmers sprayed the crops while other farmers were working closeby, 59% and 38% stored pesticides in the farm and homes respectively.  22% buried the empty containers in land, 16% burnt while 63% left them in the fields. The lack of information, poverty, low literacy, and education levels of the rural population, poor working conditions, & inadequate protection from pesticide exposure are some of the reasons why poisonous chemicals result in severe impacts on human health.

Conclusion:
The study population, using low-technology equipment and no individual protection are at high risk of pesticide exposure. The farmer’s practices are harmful to themselves and community at large. 

Recommendations/Further Action

Safe, cost-effective & operationally acceptable pesticides are required. Educational & technical support that takes into account cultural and socioeconomic aspects is required. There is a need to fill the gap of agriculture extension services. Trainings of farmers on proper protection during application of pesticides and provision of safety equipments should be taken up as corporate social responsibility by the pesticide manufacturers. Enforcement of good agricultural practices & governmental involvement is required to reduce exposure.