Gender Differences in Condom Use, Awareness, and Perception Among Malaysian Urban Youths

Risky sexual activities among youths are on the increase, the use of condom may provide some protection. This study assessed gender differences in awareness, perception and condom use among youths aged 18-24 years in Kuala Lumpur.  A cross sectional survey using anonymous, self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 935 female and 653 male youths. Analysis shows no differences by place of birth or living arrangement but females had higher education and more males were employed. 3.3% males and 6.6% females were married but significantly more males (14.9%) compared to females (9.4%) reported sexual intercourse. During their first intercourse, only 26/121 (21.5%) sexually active males and 10/113 (8.8%) sexually active females reported condom use. For both, less than 1% had seen a health provider for any contraceptives, condom, or emergency contraceptive services in the last one year. Among the sexually active, condom was the most commonly reported contraceptive ever used (64.5% males; 69.9% females). 59.1% males and 57.6% females were aware of how condom is used. When asked on suitable contraceptive methods for young people, 39.4% males and 23.6% females mentioned condom. Males were generally more positive towards condom than females. Significantly more males felt that either the boy or girl can suggest their partner use condom, that condom can protect against HIV and STDs, and condom is suitable for casual and steady sexual relationship. However, 25% males and 9% females felt that condom use would reduce sexual pleasure, and 30% males and females felt it would be too embarrassing to be seen buying condoms. In conclusion, low awareness, negative perception and low condom use among sexually active males and females are still prevalent and significant gender differences persist. Public health interventions to promote healthy sexual behaviors among youths and empowerment of young females to avoid risky, unprotected sex should be increased.