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Roma children that live in Central and Eastern Europe face tremendous levels of social exclusion and poverty, but their health conditions have not been well studied. The aim of this study was to illuminate risk factors for malnutrition in children in Roma settlements in Albania.
Methods
Anthropometric and socio-demographic measures were provided for 1192 Roma children under five living in Roma settlements from the 2006 Albania Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to speak about family and child characteristics to the odds of stunting, wasting, and underweight.
Results
The prevalence of stunting, wasting, and underweight was 20.1%, 4.3%, and 8.0%, correspondingly. Almost all of the children studied fell into the lowest quintile of wealth for the general population of Albania. Children in the lowest quintile of wealth were four times more prone to be stunted compared to those in the highest quintile, followed by those in the second lowest quintile (AOR = 2.1) and finally by those in the middle quintile (AOR = 1.6). The children who were ever left in the care of an older child were nearly twice as expected to stunted as those that were not. Children living in urban settlements showed an obvious disadvantage with close to three times the probability of being wasted in contrast to those living in rural areas. There was an idea that maternal education was related to stunting, and maternal literacy was significantly associated with wasting.
Conclusion
It appears a gradient relationship between household wealth and stunting even within indigent settlements, indicating that among poor and marginalized populations socioeconomic inequities in child health should be addressed. Other fields on which to focus future research and public health intervention include maternal literacy, child endangerment practices, and urban settlements.
Learning Objectives: The indicators that link a healthy community to a healthy economy are : 1)social policy is needed to break the links between poverty and poor health 2)When people are living in poverty, they have many obstacles to making good health choices. 3)Your postal code may be more important than your genetic code in determining your health 4)Working is not enough to raise people out of poverty 5)Children who live in poverty may not get off to a good start in life. 6)Health is a prerequisite for economic productivity and prosperity. 7)Prevention is a good investment The procedure for assessing the health of a patient with Alzheimer's disease is the following:There is currently no cure for Alzheimer's, but scientific research is bringing us closer to a cure every day. Outstanding progress has already been made in unraveling the mysteries of Alzheimer's disease, including what causes it and what happens in the brain as the disease progresses. New understandings about these processes have already provided critical information about how doctors might prevent, delay, stop or even reverse the nerve cell damage that leads to the devastating symptoms of Alzheimer's. All around the world, scientists and pharmaceutical companies are now racing to develop treatments that address the underlying disease processes, some of which (or a combination of which) might effectively solve the Alzheimer's puzzle. Scientific research is also providing valuable information about how drug and non-drug approaches to treatment can improve day-to-day functioning and maximize quality of life. Drug (pharmacological) treatments currently available are used to manage the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's, such as changes in thinking, memory and perception. They can't stop the disease, but they can slow the progression of symptoms in some people, at least for a while. While drug therapy is important and beneficial, especially in early stages, the management of Alzheimer's has evolved to include non-pharmacological therapies as integral aspects of care. These include various strategies aimed at managing problematic behaviors, including involvement in therapeutic activities, home or "environmental" modifications, and the use of appropriate communication techniques. Support and education for caregivers and family members is also crucial to the best care of people with Alzheimer's. regarding the cost evaluation of the Cystic Fibrosis disease in a child we can say that : The annual cost of medical care of Cystic Fibrosis in 1996 averaged $13 300 and ranged from $6200 among patients with mild disease to $43 300 among patients with severe disease. Of total costs, 47% were from hospitalization, 18% were from DNase (Pulmozyme), 12% were from clinic visits, and 10% were from outpatient antibiotics. When the observed costs were used to estimate the costs of medical care for the entire population of CF patients in the United States, these costs were estimated to be $314 million per year in 1996 dollars. We conclude that the cost of medical care for CF varies greatly with severity but is substantial even among patients with mild disease. These findings underscore the need for strategies to ensure good health insurance coverage and high quality care for all individuals with this condition.